media: v4l: async: Obtain async connection based on sub-device

Add v4l2_async_connection_unique() function for obtaining a struct
v4l2_async_connection, typically allocated by drivers together with their
own information on an external sub-device.

The relation between connections and sub-devices still remains 1:1 but
this code becomes more complex when the relation soon changes.

Signed-off-by: Sakari Ailus <sakari.ailus@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Philipp Zabel <p.zabel@pengutronix.de> # imx6qp
Tested-by: Niklas Söderlund <niklas.soderlund@ragnatech.se> # rcar + adv746x
Tested-by: Aishwarya Kothari <aishwarya.kothari@toradex.com> # Apalis i.MX6Q with TC358743
Tested-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com> # Renesas RZ/G2L SMARC
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>